IPS-matrices: History, comparison with TN and advantages
In the world of displays, screen technology determines image quality and comfort of use. IPS (In-Plane Switching) and TN (Twisted Nematic) are the two most common types of LCD-matrices. In this article, we will analyze the history of the creation of IPS, what is a Retina display, how IPS differs from TN and why they are better for most tasks. We rely on technical sources (Orient Display, BenQ, Riverdi) and offer an objective review for choosing a display for laptops at LuckyPC.
History of the creation of IPS and what is Retina
IPS-matrices were developed in 1996 by Hitachi in collaboration with NEC to overcome the limitations of TN-matrices, such as narrow viewing angles and poor color reproduction. "In-Plane Switching" technology allowed liquid crystals to move horizontally, improving image quality. Today, IPS is used in laptops, monitors and premium TVs.
Retina display, introduced by Apple in 2010 (with the iPhone 4), is a marketing name for IPS or AMOLED displays with high pixel density (typically 300 ppi or higher), where individual pixels are invisible to the eye at a typical viewing distance. Retina is often based on IPS because of their wide viewing angles and accurate colors, which are ideal for MacBooks and iPads.
What are TN matrices
TN (Twisted Nematic) is an LCD technology developed in the 1970s. Liquid crystals are twisted into a spiral between glass plates, and when voltage is applied, they straighten out, transmitting light.
TN features:
Response time: 1 ms, ideal for dynamic scenes.
Low production cost.
Viewing angles: 170/160°, with color distortion.
Colors: 70-80% sRGB, average accuracy.
Low power consumption.
TN is popular in budget and gaming monitors, where speed is more important than color.
What are IPS matrices
Invented in 1996, IPS improves on TN. The liquid crystals are located in one plane and rotate horizontally, preserving colors at any angle.
IPS features:
Viewing angles: 178/178°, without distortion.
Colors: 95-100% sRGB, high accuracy (Delta E <2).
Response time: 1-2 ms in modern models.
Higher price and power consumption.
IPS is the standard for professional displays and laptops, like LuckyPC
Technological differences between IPS and TN
Crystal movement:
TN: Crystals twist perpendicular to the screen, which provides speed, but loses color when tilted.
IPS: Crystals rotate horizontally, preserving color and contrast.
Response time:
TN: 1ms, better for fast-paced gaming.
IPS: 1-2ms, a bit slower but competitive.
Viewing angles:
TN: 170/160°, distortion when changing the angle.
IPS: 178/178°, stable image from all sides.
Colors and contrast:
TN: 70-80% sRGB, contrast ~1000:1.
IPS: 95-100% sRGB, contrast ~1000:1, better accuracy.
Price and energy:
TN: Cheaper, less power-hungry.
IPS: More expensive, uses more energy.
Data from BenQ and Orient Display confirms that IPS outperforms TN in color and viewing angles.
Advantages of IPS matrices
Wide viewing angles: IPS is ideal for designers, photographers or shared viewing.
Accurate colors: Suitable for photo/video editing, supports 95-100% sRGB.
Better visibility in light: Anti-glare coating and color stability.
Eye comfort: Less fatigue during long work.
Versatility: Suitable for creative tasks, movies and work.
Riverdi notes that IPS is 20-30% better in color coverage.
Disadvantages of IPS and when to choose TN
Disadvantages of IPS: Slower response (1-2 ms), higher price, more power consumption.
When to choose TN: For gaming, where speed (1 ms) is more important than color, or for budget devices.
IPS and TN applications
IPS: Graphic design, photo/video, laptops (Dell XPS, MacBook with Retina).
TN: Budget gaming monitors, office tasks.
In 2025, IPS will dominate the premium segment, TN – in budget gaming.
Conclusion
IPS matrices, developed by Hitachi in 1996, and Retina displays from Apple (2010) have set the standard for quality thanks to wide viewing angles and accurate colors. IPS is better for creative tasks and universal use, while TN is better for speed. Choose laptops with IPS at LuckyPC from 6,500 UAH for the best image! Write to Viber/Telegram for consultation.
